--- name: to-design description: "Generate a design document (design proposal) from a PRD, in the style of Go's official design proposals — Abstract / Background / Design / Rationale / Compatibility / Implementation, heavy on the 'why' and tradeoffs. Triggers on: to-design, prd-to-design, prd转设计文档, 生成设计文档, 写设计文档, design doc, design proposal, 设计提案, 技术设计文档." user-invocable: true --- # to-design — PRD to Design Document Turn a PRD (or a rough idea) into a **design document** written in the style of Go's official design proposals: plain language, concrete examples, and—above all—an honest account of *why this approach and not the alternatives*. This is **not** the same as `prd-to-spec`. A SPEC is an implementation contract (tables, endpoints, schemas) for an engineer to build against. A design document is a **decision artifact**: it argues for an approach, surfaces the tradeoffs, and lets a team agree on the same facts before anyone writes code. When the question is "*how should we build this and why*", produce a design doc; when the question is "*give me the exact contract to implement*", produce a SPEC. > 设计哲学源自对 5 篇 Go 官方 proposal(泛型 / 错误包装 / loopvar / slog / try)的分析。核心信念:**文档的价值不取决于方案是否通过,而取决于它是否让讨论建立在同一套事实和取舍之上。** --- ## When to Use - A PRD exists and you need to decide *how* to build it before committing to implementation - The approach has real tradeoffs and you want them documented and debated - The change is risky, breaking, or hard to reverse (a design doc forces the compatibility conversation early) - Multiple people need to agree on a direction before work fans out - You want a durable record of "why we chose X and rejected Y" — even if the proposal is later rejected If the team just needs the concrete contract to code against, use `/prd-to-spec` instead (or run `to-design` first, then `prd-to-spec`). --- ## The Job 1. **Locate input** — find or receive the PRD (or idea) 2. **Analyze context (optional)** — scan the codebase for existing patterns, constraints, and prior art 3. **Surface the decisions** — identify the real design forks and ask clarifying questions (max 3-5) 4. **Generate the design doc** — following the structure and writing style below 5. **Review** — present for feedback, especially on the Rationale and Compatibility sections 6. **Save** — write to the agreed location --- ## Step 1: Locate Input ``` Provide the PRD (or idea) to design from: A. File path (e.g., tasks/prd-priority-system.md) B. GitHub Issue URL C. Paste content directly D. Just describe the idea — I'll design from the conversation ``` A design doc can start from a half-formed idea, not only a polished PRD. If the input is thin, lean harder on Step 3. --- ## Step 2: Analyze Context (Optional) Skip for greenfield. Otherwise scan to ground the design in reality: - **Existing patterns** the design should match (naming, error handling, module boundaries) - **Prior art** — has something similar been tried or rejected here before? - **Constraints** — compatibility promises, public APIs, data the design can't break - **Real pain** — find the actual buggy/awkward code the design fixes, so Background can quote it The most persuasive Background sections quote **real code from the user's own repo**, not hypotheticals. --- ## Step 3: Surface the Decisions A design doc lives or dies on its Rationale. Before writing, find the **real forks in the road** — the points where a competent engineer could reasonably go two ways — and resolve them. Ask only about genuine forks: ``` Design decisions to settle before I write the doc: 1. Where does this logic live? A. Extend the existing X B. New standalone component Y C. Let me recommend based on the codebase 2. Is this a breaking change for existing callers? A. Yes — needs a migration path B. No — purely additive C. Unsure — I'll analyze and flag it 3. What's the one promise this design must keep? (e.g. backward compatibility, latency budget, no new dependencies) ``` For every fork, also note the **option you are NOT choosing** — that becomes the Rationale. --- ## Step 4: Design Document Structure This is the standard skeleton distilled from the 5 Go proposals. Keep section names; drop sections that genuinely don't apply (and say why if the omission is notable). ```markdown Title: <一句话说清"做什么" —— 标题就是结论,不是名词短语> Author(s): <作者> Last updated: Discussion at # 让文档不孤立,永远附讨论入口 Status: Draft | Under review | Accepted | Rejected ## Abstract / 摘要 一段话讲完全文:做什么、大致怎么做、以及**最重要的那个承诺**(如"向后兼容""不引入新依赖")。 读者读完这一段就该知道全貌。把隐含的核心约束埋在这里。 ## Background / 背景与动机 用**具体、可感的例子**说明"痛在哪",而不是抽象地说"现状不好"。 - 能贴一段真实的 bug 代码 / 别扭的调用,就贴。先让读者"疼"起来。 - 量化痛点(出现频率、踩坑次数、损失),不要用形容词堆砌。 - 一句话给问题定性。 ## Design / Proposal / 设计 文档主体。遵循三条: - **从简单到复杂,渐进式教学**:从最小例子起步,复杂场景留到读者有直觉之后。 - **声明 + 示例 + 边界**三件套:每个 API/接口先给声明,再给用法片段,再划清适用边界。 - **改造前 vs 改造后对照**:能并排展示收益的,就并排展示。 能用一段可运行代码说清的,绝不用一段文字描述。 ## Rationale / 理由与取舍 > Rationale = "为什么是这个方案,而不是别的"的论证。这是区分好文档和平庸文档的关键章节。 - 解释关键决策的动机。 - **主动列出被放弃的备选方案 + 放弃原因**("我们没选 X,因为 Y")。这比单方面论证你选的方案更可信,也避免后人重复讨论。 - 回应可预见的质疑。 ## Compatibility / 兼容性 凡涉及破坏性变更,必须正面回应。 - 是不是破坏性变更?**开门见山承认**。 - 代价是什么(性能、行为变化、迁移成本)?**诚实列出**,不藏着。 - 渐进迁移路径(按模块/按文件 opt-in、灰度、特性开关)。 - 有先例佐证更好("某系统做过类似变更,结果平淡无奇")。 ## Implementation / Transition / 实现与过渡 - 如何落地、分几步、配套什么工具。 - **用数据和工具支撑"可落地"**:实测失败率、灰度结果、自动化迁移工具,比任何"我们认为风险可控"都管用。 - 兼容老版本的过渡方案(如独立发布的兼容库)。 ## Appendix / 附录(可选) 把会打断主线的细节后置:完整 API、端到端示例、FAQ。 FAQ 专门回应高频质疑("为什么叫这个名字""为什么不用某语言的做法""和 X 有何不同")。 ``` --- ## Writing Style (照搬 Go 文档的文风) Structure is the skeleton; style is the muscle. Enforce these — they're what make the doc readable. ### Voice / 主语 - **决策用 "我们 / We"** — 把设计说成一群人可负责的选择,不是客观真理。("We propose…", "我们决定移除…") - **行为用代码本身当主语** — "this code has a bug" / "这段代码会…",让注意力落在程序上。 - **说理对读者用 "你 / you"** — 像面对面解释。 - **禁止无主语的被动腔** — 不写"据建议应当…""It is suggested that…"这类推卸责任的句式。 ### Sentences / 句子 - **判断用短句,论证用长句**。先用一个极短的句子拍板("这段代码有 bug。"),再用信息密集的长句铺开机制。 - 长短交替制造节奏。不要通篇绕来绕去的长句。 ### Paragraphs / 段落 - **一段只讲一件事,观点放段首**(结论先行)。 - **小标题写成一句完整的论点**,而不是名词短语。 - 写 `老代码不受影响,编译结果与之前完全一致`,而不是 `兼容性`。 - 读者光看标题就能读完整条论证链。 ### Tone / 语气 - **克制的诚实,甚至自嘲**。承认代价、承认自己也踩过坑,比形容词更有说服力。 - **强调要省着用**。全文只在最关键处加粗/斜体一次,反而最醒目。 --- ## Step 5: Review & Iteration Present the doc and steer feedback to the sections that matter most: ``` 设计文档已生成。重点请看这几处: - Rationale:被放弃的方案和理由是否站得住?有没有遗漏的备选项? - Compatibility:破坏性和代价是否如实说清?迁移路径可行吗? - Background:痛点是否用具体例子讲清,而不是形容词? - 文风:标题是否是"结论"而非名词?有没有无主语的被动腔? 回复 OK 保存,或给出修改意见。 ``` --- ## Step 6: Save ``` 设计文档保存到哪里? A. tasks/design-[feature-name].md(紧挨 PRD,推荐) B. docs/design/[feature-name].md C. 自定义路径:[指定] ``` --- ## Mapping: PRD → Design Doc | PRD 部分 | Design Doc 部分 | 转化方式 | |----------|-----------------|----------| | Problem / 背景 | Background | 找到真实的痛点代码/场景,量化它 | | Goals / 目标 | Abstract + Background | 提炼成"最重要的承诺"埋进摘要 | | User Stories / 需求 | Design | 转成渐进式的设计示例 | | Technical Considerations | Design + Rationale | 约束 → 设计决策 + 取舍论证 | | Non-Goals | Rationale | 写成"我们没做 X,因为 Y" | | Risks / 风险 | Compatibility + Implementation | 风险 → 兼容性代价 + 迁移/灰度方案 | | 隐含的备选方案 | Rationale | 显式列出并解释为何不选 | --- ## Quality Criteria A good design doc should pass these checks: - [ ] 标题是一句"做什么"的结论,不是名词短语,且附了讨论链接 - [ ] 摘要里埋了最重要的承诺/约束 - [ ] Background 用了**具体例子或真实代码**讲痛点,而非形容词 - [ ] Design 遵循"声明 + 示例 + 边界",并有渐进式教学 - [ ] **Rationale 主动列出了至少一个被放弃的方案及原因**(最关键的检查项) - [ ] 凡破坏性变更,Compatibility 都正面承认并列出代价 - [ ] Implementation 用数据/工具支撑"可落地",而非空喊"风险可控" - [ ] 文风:决策用"我们"、行为用代码、无无主语被动腔;长短句交替;小标题是论点句 - [ ] 没有 "TBD / TODO"——要么解决,要么挪进 Open Questions --- ## Edge Cases & Fallback | 场景 | 处理 | |------|------| | PRD 含糊不全 | 在 Step 3 多问,把缺失项写进 Open Questions / 假设 | | 没有真实痛点代码可引 | 用最小可信的示例代码代替,并注明是构造的 | | 没有备选方案可写 | 强迫思考"最朴素的做法是什么、为什么不够"——总有一个被否决的基线 | | 不是破坏性变更 | Compatibility 一句话说明"纯增量、无破坏",不必硬凑 | | 方案最终被否决 | 照样写好——记录"这条路为什么走不通"本身就是高价值产物,Status 标 Rejected | | 特性太大 | 拆成多篇 design doc(按边界),互相链接 | | 用户只要实现契约 | 提示改用 `/prd-to-spec`,或先 to-design 再 prd-to-spec | --- ## Anti-Patterns to Avoid - **别只论证你选的方案。** 不写被放弃的备选项,文档就少了一半价值。 - **别用形容词讲痛点。** "现状很糟"没有说服力;一段真实的 bug 代码才有。 - **别藏代价。** 性能变慢、行为变化、迁移成本——都明说,再给迁移路径。 - **别把标题写成名词。** "兼容性" → "老代码不受影响,编译结果完全一致"。 - **别用无主语的被动腔。** 决策要有人负责,主语用"我们"。 - **别写成 SPEC。** 设计文档讲"为什么这么选"和"取舍",不是字段级的实现契约。 - **别因为方案可能被否就敷衍。** 文档质量与提案是否通过无关。 --- ## Relationship to Other Skills ``` /prd → /to-design → /prd-to-spec → /goal → /review-it → /ship-it │ │ │ │ │ 需求(what) │ 决策与取舍 │ 实现契约(how) │ 编码 │ │ (why/which) │ ``` - **/prd** 产出 PRD(本 skill 的输入) - **/to-design** 产出设计文档:论证方案、暴露取舍、对齐认知(本 skill) - **/prd-to-spec** 产出实现级 SPEC:字段、接口、schema 契约 - **/code-to-spec** 从既有代码逆向出 SPEC(互补:正向 vs 逆向) > 写设计文档的终极目的不是"说服别人同意你",而是"让所有人在同一个事实和取舍基础上做决定"。